Internal-combustion engine.



E. FRANKLIN. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 1mg. 28, 1909.

998,570, Patented July 18, 1911.

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INTERNAL GOMBUSTIOH ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DBOIZB, 1909.

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AIFLIOATION FILED D110. 28, 1909.

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ERNEST FRANKLIN, OF PORTLAND, OREGON.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters I -at'ent. Patented July 18, 1911.

Application filed December 28, 1909. Serial No. 535,295.

- supply an internal combustion engine which may readily started or reversed without requiring the usual cranking or movement of the piston to obtain compression in the cylinder and ignition thereof, since the piston in the present form of engine will at all times stop at an approximately predetermined position which is olf a dead center,

hence the engine is practically self-starting.

' A further purpose of the invention is the provision of an engine of the type herein specified, which -involves a comparatively simple and compact Structure and -in which two engines have a tandem arrangement and are related so that one engine supplies the other with the gaseous mixture, the result being that two explosions are obtained in each revolution of the crank shaft.

A further purpose of the invention is the construction of an engine combining a fluid pump, whereby the gaseous mixture is inspirated and aspirated at each stroke of the piston. with the result that a cooperating companion engine may be supplied with a proper charge when nearing the end of its combustion stroke and immediately after the exhaust ports have been uncovered to permit the gases resulting from the combustion to quickly escape.

The invention consists of the novel features, details of construction and combination of parts, which hereinafter will be more particularly set forth, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and pointed out hr the a pended claims.

Re erring to the drawings, forming a part of the specification, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section' of an internal combustion engine embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 1 taken on a plane at right angles thereto. Fig. 3

is a horizontal section on the line 3+3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4.-& of Fig. 2.

Corresponding and likeparts are referred to in the following description, and indicated in all the views of the drawings, by the same reference characters.

The engine comprises two cylinders 1 and 2 having a tandem arrangement and separated by a partition 3 forming a head common to each. The outer ends of the-cylinvices of any type fitted thereto. Other cyl-' inders-7 and 8 project outward from the respective cylinders 1 and 2 and are of larger diameter and may form a part thereof or be connected thereto in any manner. A pipe 9 connects the inner end of the cylinder 7 with the inlet 5 of the cylinder 2. A pipe 10 connects the inner end of the cylinder 8 with the inlet 4; of the cylinder 1. A valve 11 closes the end of the pipe 9 adjacent the inlet 5. -A valve 12 closes the inner end of the pipe 10 adjacent the inlet 4. Each of the valves 11 and 12 is provided with. a stem 13 -and is adapted to be closed upon its seat by means of a spring 14. The valve stems 13 are of a length to insure opening of the respective valves at the. proper time, where by the engine cylinders may be charged at the proper moment. 16 are provided and have connection at their outer ends with the respective cylinders 7 and 8, their inner ends being open and spaced frorn'the respective cylinders 1 and 2. A cap ring '17 connects the outer ends of the guide sleeve 15 and the cylinder 7. The outer or lower ends of the guide sleeve 16 and cylinder 8 are connected to a crank case 18, in which the crank portion 19 of a crank shaft 20 operates. A cylindrical space 21 Guide sleeves 1'5 and is formed between the guide sleeve 15 and,

.start the engine.

the pipes 23 and 24 when it is required to A collar 27 is provided upon the valve casing 25 ata point midway between the points of connection of the pipes 23 and 24 with said valve casing. By proper movement of the valve 26 air may be supplied to one or the other of the spaces 21 and 22, as will be readily understood on reference to Fig.2. A rod 28 connects the valve 26 with an eccentric 29 arranged to, cooperate with a cam 30 mounted upon the crank shaft 20 and adapted to be moved so as to vary the relative position of the valve 26 according to the required direction of operation of the engine.

piston 33 is provided at the outer end of.

the tubular extension 32 and is arranged to operate in the space 21 and fits close against the walls of the guide sleeve 15 and the cylinder 7 A piston 34 is arranged to operate in the cylinder 2 and has a tubular extension 35,.which is provided atjts outer end with an annular piston 36 arranged to operate in the cylindrical space 22.= The tugine will not stop upon a dead center, since located near the outer bular extension 35 isadapted to fit close against the walls of the cylinder 2 "and guide sleeve 16,whereas the piston 36 obtains a close fit against the walls of the guide sleeve 16 and the cylinder 8. A pitman 37 connects the piston 34 with the crank 19. The two pistons 31 and 34 are connected for simultaneous movement. Rods 38 connect the "pistons 31 and 34 and are arranged exterior to the cylinders 1 and 2 and are joined at their ends to the pistons 33 and 36.

The construction is such as to insure a compact arrangement of the parts which is of material advantage in the provision of an engine involving a light construction and adapted to be placed so as to occupy a minlmum amount of space.- Moreover the enthe' pistons in the respective cylinders will occupy a position to admit of one counterbalancing the other. The exhaust ports are ends of the respective cyl nders and are indicated, at 39 for the cylinder 1 and at 40 for the cylinder -2. When the piston 34 moves outward or downward the cylinder' r2'receives a charge from the space 21 through the pipe 9 and inlet 5.

At the same time the piston 31 is moved inward in the cylinder 1 and compresses the charge the-rein preliminary to combustion. The piston 36 moving outward in thespace ing the out or down stroke of the piston'34,

hence the charge previously received in the space 21 is forced therefrom by the piston 33 into the cylinder 2 in the manner stated. When the charge in the cylinder 1 is exploded the piston 31 is driven outward, thereby causing the piston 34 to moveinward and compress the charge in the cylinder 2 and at the same time the iston 36 moving inward in the space 22 orces the charge from said space into the cylinder 1. At this time the piston 33 moves outward in the space 21 and draws in a charge through the inlet 42. It should be stated that during the combustion stroke of the pistons the charge contained in either of the spaces 21 or 22 is compressed until the piston has the piston. connected with the compression I piston coming in contact with the valve stem. This may be better understoodupon considering the piston 34 moving outward on the combustion stroke and the piston 31 moving'inward on the compression stroke. When the piston 34 reaches a point in its movement to uncover the exhaust ports 40 so as to provide ample escape for the products of combustion the piston 33 connected with the compression piston 31 comes in contact with the stem of the valve 11 and opens the same, thereby permitting the compressed charge to rush from the inner end of the space 21 into the cylinder 2 and at this instant the charge compressed in the cylinder 1 is ignited and drives the piston 31 outward, thereby causing the piston 34 to move inward and compress the charge contained in the cylinder 2.

.Fromthe foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the advantages of the construction and of the method of operation will be readily apparent tothose skilled in the art to which the invention appertains,and While I have described the principle of operation of the invention, together with the device-which I now consider to be the embodiment thereof, I desire to have it understood that the device shown is merely illustrative, and that such changes may be made when desired as are within the scope of the claims appended hereto. I

Having thus described the invention what is claimed as new, is f 1. In combination, two engine cylinders, pistons arranged to work therein and connected for simultaneous movement, other medium to the valve casing, a valve arranged to operate in the said valve casing, and means for operating the valve to direct the motive medium into one or the other of g the said-second set of cylinders.

2. In an internal combustion engine of the two-cycle type, the combination of oppositely disposed alining cylinders, pistons arranged to operate in said cylinders and connected for simultaneous. movement in oppo-' site directions, a second set of cylinders of larger diameter than the first mentioned cylinders and arranged in line therewith, guide sleeves of smaller diameter than the first mentioned cylinders and arranged concen trio with the second set of cylinders and connected therewith at their outer ends, a second set of pistons connected with the first mentioned pistons and arranged to operate in the respective spaces formed between the second set of cylinders and the guide sleeves,

valve controlled inlets at the inner ends of the spaces formed between the second set of cylinders and the guide sleeves, and valve controlled passages between the inner ends of the first mentioned cylindersand the inner ends of the spaces formed between said second set of cylinders and guide sleeves, the valves controlling said passages being normally closed and adapted to be opened by direct action of the second set of pistons, the first mentioned cylinders having exhaust openings which are'controlled by the first mentioned pistons.

3. A two-cycle internal combustion engine comprising alining cylinders having valve controlled inlets at their inner ends and separated by a .partition common to each, pistons arranged to operate in the cylinders and connected for simultaneous movement in opposite directions, concentric "guide sleeves and cylinders connected at their outer ends and arranged in line with the first mentioned cylinders and connected with the outer ends thereof, a second set of pistons connected with the first mentioned pistons to move therewith and arranged to operate in the spaces formed between the concentric guide sleeves and cylinders, valve controlled inlets at the inner ends of the spaces formed between said concentric guide sleeves and cylinders, valve controlled passages between vthe inner ends of the spaces formed between the concenvalve controlled mechanism for admitting motive medium into the last mentioned inlets.

4. In combination two engine cylinders havin a tandem arrangement, pistons arrange to operate in said cylinders, means connecting the pistons to cause them to move in unison, other pistons connected with and at the outer ends of said engine pistons, cylinders for said second pistons to opcrate in, a valve casing, passages between said valve casing and the outer ends of the cylinders: in which said second pistons opcrate, and a. valve arranged to operate in said valve casing to admit air to either one of the cylinders in which said second pistons operate, an explosive engine comprising engine cylinders having a tandem arrangement and provided at their inner ends with inlets and having exhaust openings near their outer ends, pistons arranged to operate in the engine cylinders and provided with tubular extensions, annular pistons at the outer ends of said tubular extensions, means connecting said annular pistons to cause the four pistons to move in unison, a pair of concentric cylinders at the outer end of each engine cylinder and receiving the annular piston which is adapted to operate in the cylindrical space formed between a pair of the cylinders, passages connecting the inner ends of the spaces of the pairs of cylinders with the inlets of the remote engine cylinders, valves for closing the inlets of the engine cylinders, and stems extended from the Valves and adapted to be engaged by the said annular pistons.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ERNEST FRANKLIN.

Witnesses:

F. K. ARNOLD, WALTER HANSEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G. 

